“21st Century, an Advanced Educational System in Teaching & Learning with the Assist of ICT”

2^nd International Conference on

Global perspectives on Higher Education

24^th, 25^th December, 2016

Swami Sahajanand College of Commerce & Management, Bhavnagar. 

Kaushal H. Desai

Assistant Professor of English,

Gyanmanjari Institute of Technology,

Bhavnagar, India.

Kaushaldesai123@gmail.com

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Abstract

Determining the concept of ICT it is now an intellectual part all over the world. Educational field gives an idea of improvement in teaching and learning sense to wisdom that is really spectacular outcome. Technologies have significant effect on learning and teaching when appropriate approaches will be the process of learning and teaching. Therefore, integrating technology into the classroom is one of important approach to develop better understanding of basic concepts provided for learning. There are various types to tools that work effectively today. Let us take a concept of Blended Learning, learning with Web 2.0 tools, Flipped Classroom, E-learning. It is also impactful to teach and learn with open classroom that has self-learning and inner growth of mind. It gives the base of virtual classroom that has expedition of skill development and many improvable things through the use of ICT. ICT provides opportunities to access information using multiple information resources and viewing it from many perspectives, therefore, fostering the learning environments. With the use of Teach-nology it can enhance the educational globalize era that can give impact in teaching and learning. Scientific research proved that our mind is working in digital intellect yet technology can work better with the understanding of the knowledge. 

Keywords: ICT, Teach-nology, E-learning, B-learning, Flipped Classroom, Web 2.0, SNS Learning.  

Introduction

ICT in education makes an enhancing demonstration of growth in learning and teaching. While one has not against the traditional root but yet this make the one method in 21^st century. E-Learning is a base on which capturing of techno skills and that is most important part in this era. If the teacher is gliding students in a light of learning so there is E-tools to be used that will covey that how critical thinking can be developed (Desai, 2014). What if one say learning with no boundaries? It is anytime learning. With the complement of virtual base it gives the commandment over new learning. Now online classroom is source of new knowledge and it gives the knowledge on your palm, one can consider it Mobile Assisted Learning. It is obtained that India is now expressing in daily digitalize world. So to target upon this it can also look up on digitalize India and learning of the kids to the higher studies that how teachers are making effect on the websites of social media. If we look at Khan Academy (http://www.khanacademy.org/) then it is probably a huge hierarchical dimension of the learner with stimulate outcome. So it is really a beneficial. It also reminds that how Sugata Mitra, a profound delegate that gives gratitude on new techniques in learning. One thing can be observed that “Build a School on the Clouds”. He keenly makes this state of new flow in learning.

(The above image of mine that makes classroom livelier to conduct and students can more grasp the knowledge and teachers can easily deliver information and actual meaning and by this learner get zeal in learning with confidence.)

Teaching with technology requires an understanding of the representation of concepts using technologies; pedagogical techniques that use technologies in constructive ways to teach content; knowledge of what makes concepts difficult or easy to learn and how technology can help redress some of the problems that students face; knowledge of students' prior knowledge and theories of epistemology; and knowledge of how technologies can be used to build on existing knowledge and to develop new epistemologies or strengthen old ones. Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) is knowledge of the existence, components, and capabilities of various technologies as they are used in teaching and learning settings, and conversely, knowing how teaching might help to achieve desired effect as the result of using particular technologies.

The quality use of ICT and the use with a pedagogical incentive become urgency where material should be the only focus and ICT facilities become pedagogical and environmental agent. This can give several points to be observed.

·         ICT express the enhancing depth

·         Student can cultivate their skill

·         Learning with passion

·         Techno pedagogy improve art and skills

·         Online classroom designs pleasant atmosphere

These are the simple base on which teaching and learning can give their best impact. Moreover, most thinkers can directly connect through the world media and give their views about it. This learning process is now the way of every learner.

◘ Motivational Comrade for Teaching and Learning

Motivation and handy tool in technology can enhance the learning needs and helping comrade for teachers also that can make best effort to give expedition on education in specially. Observers have noted that the Internet is moving away from its original model of cooperative communication based on exchange, and tending towards the logic of a mass broadcasting medium, resulting in a concentration of producers and the progressive disappearance of interactivity.

(Hasanbegovic, 2005), has reviewed a study on the impact of intrinsic motivation on e-learning in authentic computer tasks by Martens et al. 2004. The study allows her to conclude:

In line with the motivation theory of Ryan and Deci it is predicted and evidenced that intrinsically motivated students do more in a fixed time period as a result of their higher effort and persistence and will do different things in computer environments that allow for this liberty of choice.

◘ Emerging Minds: Educator’s blow on Learning and Teaching

What are the tools to be imagining while one as to give their best shot about teaching and learning? It has an emerging mind and fruitful sense of observing things. It is not surprising, however, that an examination of exemplary practice in the use of ICTs throws up some common themes. For example, technology-mediated language learning seems to be most successful when the technology is seamlessly integrated into the overall activity and where it is used as a cross-curricular tool. However, ICT seem to be particularly successful when integrated into project-based learning.

Television is an effective and good audio-visual aid in teaching. It is the non-literacy medium. Television acts as a magic eye for learners as it can stimulate several situations and manipulate creativity. Video-conferencing facilitates in bridging the gaps between the haves and have-nots in education today. With addition to television, we can also use slide projector, OHP, films, tape recorder, videocassette and LCD as substitutes for chalkboard. Television is advantageous in providing visuals to reinforce the information being presented in spoken form. Even in this field, language education plays a vital role, because additional cues compensate for dialectal difference between speakers and listeners. Telecasting information through TV is beneficial to the illiterate and literate people. Television provides a ground for additional cultural learning, and also facilitates to entertain and educate the viewers. It aims to enlarge both knowledge and understanding. It provides educational information regarding science, different cultures, civil war, wild life, agriculture, etc. we can bring educational programs generated by experts. Critics call it the idiot box due to some mindless programs, which promote mindless viewing.

◘ Embedding Technology in Learning and Teaching

It is generally accepted that the world is changing, be it physically, socially and economically. The way education was settled and provided in the past seems to mismatch the reality (Kay, 2010). In other words, what we are teaching and training students in schools seem not to be practical and applicable in the real labour world. Trilling & Fadel (2009) explain that routine work in the 20th century was originally performed by people, but it was gradually substituted by machines. However, with the expansion of computers and telecommunications, people need to change their skills to adapt to more complicated, creative tasks. With reference to the Population Reference, there are approximately two million people, or 27%, who are under 15 years old and have been surrounded by technology since they were born. However, the majority of people and students are considered ‘digital immigrants’ and they need to re-learn and make use of technology so as to blend in the future society (Buraphadeja, 2012) 2012. Through language teaching, the students’ communicative function, types of communication, functional and notional level, can be tested so as to meet the linguistic demands. Teachers of English, especially in professional institutions are not bound as teachers of grammar and structure but are expected to be efficient communicators with the knowledge of soft skills.

Online learning has impact on students and now it makes the students to think. And this makes new element in learners a critical thinking capability. Beside that online tasks can help learners to develop their reviews and understanding and they can give their feedback on asked question.

◘ SNS Use: Learning and Teaching with Interest

One cannot deny on learners’ focus on the ICT and how teachers’ use is make a huge change in 21^st century. Another perspective of the point is to give an educative technology as well as social media using also. Let the social networking sites are explode with learning and teaching.

Social network has played a significant role in social interaction in the present world. There are many types of internet-based social media that exist today such as, Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. (Stevenson & Liu, 2010). Even though social network was originally designed for social interaction, it can be a good learning tool for language education. (Kabilan & Ahmad, 2010) 2010 conducted a study on how Facebook can be integrated in language learning. The researchers suggested that it is the job of language educators and teachers to plan how to integrate Facebook as part of their language teaching, learning objectives and learning outcomes. The results from their questionnaires showed that there was a significant difference between students’ attitude towards using Facebook before and after an online course. They also found that, when students spent more time interacting on Facebook, their linguistic abilities increased by the end of the course.

Besides that there are publishing platform also where there teachers and learners get implication of their work and get to know what are other’s feedback and that gives new way of exploring thing. Tools like, Blogger, Slideshare, YouTube, Flipped Education, and ne can create own website to enhance this process in effective way for example Google Website.

(Above image of mine, that presents, ICT develops with various perform base tools, the image captured at M.K.B.U. Department of English)

◘ Education Technology

After looking SNS, let the technology flows in every parts of education. That is what makes ICT learning and teaching a training base and in which situation teachers and learners perspectives to conduct. Technology has permeated every walk of human life. It has not left the field of education also untouched. Sarat Kumar Rout says, The term Educational Technology (ET) by nature is very inclusive which comprises wide range of conventional aids like maps, charts, diagrams and models, audio visual aids such as film projector, overhead projector; audio cassettes/radio and video cassettes/television. It also includes newer digital based media such as computer, fax, email, interactive multimedia, all forms of teleconferencing online classroom, web based learning, blogs, pod cast, e-learning, etc.

Online services in the education of both degree and non degree are basically providing educational services to users using the internet as a medium. Moreover, these services can be composed of various stages of the process of educational programs such as: registration, test entry, payment, and learning, case assignments, case discussions, exams, assessments, discussions, and announcements (Michael, 2013).

Collaborative learning is an expedition in which learner get a thinking growth and critical sense of thinking. And how to take judgment it is also can be learnt.

◘ E-Learning & B-Learning

E-Learning (Electronic Learning) is a term that encompasses all forms of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) or very specific types of TEL such as online or Web-based learning. It is used to define a specific mode to attend a course or program of study where the students rarely or never meet face-to-face, nor access on-campus educational facilities, because they study online. By adopting another form of ICT-based studies, the study of relied upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in investigating the results of educational research related to ICT use in e-learning. The researchers attempted to identify the differences across genders in the perception and relationships toward acceptance of e-learning control. Their results indicated that male students surpassed female students in the use of e-learning models. There are some points to be noted.

·         Web-based learning

·         Online learning

·         Distance learning

·         Flipped Classroom

B-Learning (Blended Learning) A blended learning approach can combine face-to-face instruction with computer-mediated instruction, under the supervision and support of the teacher inside and outside the classroom. A typical example of blended learning methodology would be a combination of technology-based materials and face-to-face sessions to present content.

Learners and teachers work together to improve the quality of learning and teaching, the ultimate aim of blended learning being to provide realistic practical opportunities for learners and teachers to make learning independent, useful, sustainable and ever growing. Teachers have been blending or integrating different types of learning activities and resources in classroom, laboratory, practicum, studio contexts for a very long time. Today, the term ‘blended learning’ has evolved to mean the integration of classroom learning with online or e-learning. Blended learning comes in many guises, although each application or method may have similar ‘ingredients’ or elements such as face-to-face delivery, flexible options, online components.

◘ Virtual Environment

Learning with interest gets enjoy the learning in the fruitful way and mind get involve in learning in such a way that students get feels no tiredness. In teaching there is the need of practical use of a target also in real or at least inducing situations. The Internet provides requested options of interconnection literally all over the world. There are two main reasons for implementation of interconnecting elements in teaching. Firstly, communication is the basic element of improvement of learners´ language competence, which is available through various virtual learning environments (VLEs).

Here you will see the image that describes that how one can uploads their works on the internet and they can learn and teach also to the needy. One can get material online with effective works. And that is core of the 21^st century.

When there is a possibility of realization of student exchange in the future, it can accelerate learners´ dedication for studying. In this, adding the tool online chat then chat is an ICT tool allowing people to communicate all over the world in real time. It gives an opportunity either to write messages or speak directly to the other person synchronously, which is the main difference between chats and emails or discussion forums described in the section above.

After a session with students, got to know several students’ response;

“I like to be able to know in advance when to turn in my work. It was excellent to get the course schedule ahead of time and also the way you would be grading us because then I quickly knew what was expected of me.”

“I liked the web discussions – the communication with the fellow students and the teacher.  I found the way of giving feedback very useful and clear.”

It was interesting to do the assignments and work in small groups. We were ‘forced’ to communicate. There were a lot of issues in the book worth discussion.”

“It was good to look for information, e.g. on the internet, about any culture.”

“The course provided support and promoted learner autonomy. Encouraged students to do their own information searches and work independently.”

These whole the things make these point enhancing to know and make it more in use as well as in search for more growth. Flipped learning gives virtual homework to do with viewing videos, online asking and getting feedback, note down tasks, using PowerPoint, Using SNS tools. These whole the things makes education in higher level to make growth in learners capability and teaching makes expand use of explanation.

◘ Conclusion

Education perspective in 21^st century is like dealing subject with advance mind. So the teach-nology makes a huge role in learning and teaching methodology. And likewise it provides educational software. After observing various king of tools and methodologies, it can proves that this is a way of growth and exploring new ways in education. ICT makes enhancing atmosphere for the learner and teachers not just because of technology makes it easy but how to use it that is the matter. From the traditional teaching and learning to the era of globalization expands the glory of learners and helps the needs of teaching effectively. Everlasting effect of this techno tools that mentioned is the greatest techniques to learn and teach in the environmental base. Computer Lab is the stage which can make the better impact on any education field so make a room for the online studies so that can give the best impact to learn and teach with effectively. Through ICT one can have asynchronous learning. Online courses materials are available. Teachers and learners are not solely dependent on books, and others study materials available in library with the help of the Internet and the World Wide Web provides a wide range of subject material in each and every subject. One can surf the Internet anywhere or anytime. At one time, an unlimited number of people can access the Internet. It also facilitates access to person’s researches, business leaders, experts, mentors and peers all over the world. To conclude, the use of ICT on learning has a positive effect on motivation, and its use can contribute to our learning and teaching. A better understanding of motivational aspects of use of ICT can make it more effective and increase potential for ICT to be more wisely used in language teaching and learning around the world. ICT can improve or enhance the education to facilitate the acquisition of basic skills by enhancing teacher’s training. Whole the things go step by step with each other and make this ICT use is on the top for the best process.

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